Yellow Sapphire
All colours found in various flowers can be found in yellow sapphire. Its best colour is yellow. It is found in the mines of India, Brazil, Ural, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.

Its chief originating place is Brazil the gems of which are considered to be of the best quality .In Ural mountains it is found of yellow and white colours. The yellow sapphire found in Myanmar are of medium quality .Yellow sapphire found in Tavaya (Myanmar) are of white colour and appear like diamond. Sri Lankan mines produce sapphires of various colours.

Yellow sapphire is considered a medium quality gem. Pure sapphire is colourless. In it, colours are found due to several flaws. It is of yellow, brown, grey, light blue, green, and violet colours. In Brazil, there is also found pink sapphires.

It is known by various names- Pushparaj, Gururatna, Guru Vallabh, Pushparag, Peetmani, Peetraktamani in Sanskrit; Pukhraj and Pokhraj in Hindi; Pokhraj and Pushyaraj in Bengali; Peeluraj in Gujarati; Fokaj in Punjabi; Pushparag in Kannada; Yakut in Arabic; and Topaz in English.


Hessonite
Hessonite is mostly found in cynite rocks. The heaviest geem so far found has been of 25 Pounds weight. It is found in the river bases among round, smooth stones.

The Sri Lankan hessonite are the most beautiful of all. Its colourless hessonite is known as maitura diamond. It Was mistaken for diamond but later it Was known that it was a high quality hessonite.

Beautiful red hessonite is found in New South Wales, while yellow and brown hessonite are found in South Mrican diamond mines. Blue hessonite is found in Sri Lanka and has two shades-violet and yellow.

The Myanmar hessonite has much water and flexibility Good quality hessonite is of light yellow colour like that of cow fat and with lustre of cow urine.

Hessonite is known by various names: Bhanu, Peet ratna, rahuratna,gomedak, trinvara, tapomani, pigsphatik in Sanskrit; gomed and gomed mani in Hindi;. zarkunia and jargem in Urdu; zarkun and sinduri in Arabic; and zircon in English.

Hessonite is found in all attractive colours and is gradually coming to be accepted as an established gem. It can be transparent, translucent, or non-transparent. It has lustre of diamond. There is hardly found any colourless hessonite. The road side jewellers showing colourless hessonite stones are in fact yellow or brown gem stones whose colour is fainted in heat processing.

White hessonite has magnificent lustre which is next only to diamond. Due to a variety of colours, hessonite resembles several other stones. Tursa and sufi are sub-gems of hessonite. Tursa is smooth, light blue and has more lustre. It is found in Arabia, Iran, and Mecca. On the other hand, safi is a dusty, smooth gem with less lustre. It is heavier in weight and is found in the Himalayas and the Vindhyachal.